基于支持向量机的京津冀城市群热环境时空形态模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨浩  孟娜  王婧  郑燕  赵莉 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(2):190-200

城市群热环境作为区域生态重要组成部分,已成为近年来的研究热点。而如何选择针对城市群这种复杂地地貌特征的热环境量化工具一直是亟待解决的技术难点,基于此本研究提出了一种解决多样本、非线性、非平稳及高维函数拟合的计算方法,并建立了基于支持向量机(SVM)的京津冀城市群热环境曲面模型来揭示城市群热环境的时空形态变化。研究结果表明：① SVM模型在刻画多核心、多种土地利用类型城市群热环境的空间分布方面具有理论与实践可行性,能够根据热环境的整体空间布局通过高斯核函数进行局部优化差值,最大限度减少缺省值对模型拟合结果的影响。相比于对照方法可以模拟出更高精度的复杂地貌特征城市群热岛空间分布格局;② 在SVM模型曲面拟合的过程中,拟合精度和拟合时间是衡量拟合结果的重要指标,而原始影像的分辨率则是影响该指标的决定性因素;③ 2003-2013年区域内北京市与天津市的城市热岛效应变化最为明显,热岛面积分别增加7091 km²与4196 km²,空间上呈现出逐年接近连片发展趋势,热岛重心移动轨迹具有明显的时空分异性。北京城市热岛特征为东南部地区异速增长,西部地区缓慢增长;天津城市热岛特征为以城市中心为圆心向周围扩展。本研究进一步丰富了城市群热环境评测的定量方法,可以在实践上对城市群的城市规划、城市建设、环境保护和区域可持续发展等提供定量化、可视化的决策支持。  相似文献   

Dynamic modeling and vibration suppression for an offshore wind turbine with a tuned mass damper in floating platform     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

The worldwide demand for renewable energy is increasing rapidly. Wind energy appears as a good solution to copy with the energy shortage situation. In recent years, offshore wind energy has become an attractive option due to the increasing development of the multitudinous offshore wind turbines. Because of the unstable vibration for the barge-type offshore wind turbine in various maritime conditions, an ameliorative method incorporating a tuned mass damper (TMD) in offshore wind turbine platform is proposed to demonstrate the improvement of the structural dynamic performance in this investigation. The Lagrange's equations are applied to establish a limited degree-of-freedom (DOF) mathematical model for the barge-type offshore wind turbine. The objective function is defined as the suppression rate of the standard deviation for the tower top deflection due to the fact that the tower top deflection is essential to the tower bottom fatigue loads, then frequency tuning method and genetic algorithm (GA) are employed respectively to obtain the globally optimum TMD design parameters using this objective function. Numerical simulations based on FAST have been carried out in typical load cases in order to evaluate the effect of the passive control system. The need to prevent the platform mass increasing obviously has become apparent due to the installation of a heavy TMD in the barge-type platform. In this case, partial ballast is substituted for the equal mass of the tuned mass damper, and then the vibration mitigation is simulated in five typical load cases. The results show that the passive control can improve the dynamic responses of the barge-type wind turbine by placing a TMD in the floating platform. Through replacing partial ballast with a uniform mass of the tuned mass damper, a significant reduction of the dynamic response is also observed in simulation results for the barge-type floating structure.  相似文献   

基于无人机摄影测量的增减挂钩耕地指标检查与评价方法     

李运健  陈玉鑫  初爱萍 《北京测绘》2020,(3):395-398

土地增减挂钩项目的质量检查的传统流程需到实地逐一核实,检查周期长。本文提出一种基于无人机航摄的检查技术流程,结合研发的野外实地调绘软件系统,提出一种新型的基于无人机航摄的增减挂钩项目质量检查流程,并基于DOM检查构建指标评价体系。流程优化了传统外业检查流程,实现地块的全覆盖内业检查和外业的实时取证,确保成果耕地质量指标的准确性,对土地增减挂钩项目给予客观评价。评价体系的应用选取广西几个县增减挂钩为研究对象,探究体系评价的合理性,初步确定该方法基本可行。  相似文献   

移动测量技术在城市绿化普查中的应用     

庞岩  孙国强  解全波 《北京测绘》2020,(4):518-522

在新时代的城市建设中,绿化建设对于美化城市面貌和提高市民居住舒适度显得十分重要,那么城市绿化普查工作则成为绿化建设工作中的重要一环。为了改进传统绿化普查工作,本文提供一整套基于移动测量技术的城市绿化普查方案,搭配自主研发的GIS采集软件和实景三维管理平台,采集绿化信息的效率和精度显著提高,更可以优化城市绿化管理方法。  相似文献   

无人机大比例尺测图像控点布设方案设计     

袁德宝  张新新  周振青  任兴达 《北京测绘》2020,(4):523-527

随着无人机技术的快速发展,无人机航空摄影测量的精度也大大改善,以无人机为平台低空摄影测量大比例尺地图成为可能。本文以旋翼无人机搭载非测量型相机,通过布设不同数量像控点进行分析和研究,得到无人机摄影测量在农村地区像控点布设规律。结果证明在合理像控点布设的情况下,无人机测图数字成果空中三角测量、平面和高程精度均可满足1∶500、1∶1000、1∶2000大比例尺地形测图的精度要求。  相似文献   

Multivariate adaptive regression splines for estimating riverine constituent concentrations     

Hong Huang  Xiaoliang Ji  Fang Xia  Shuhui Huang  Xu Shang  Han Chen  Minghua Zhang  Randy A. Dahlgren  Kun Mei 《水文研究》2020,34(5):1213-1227

Regression-based methods are commonly used for riverine constituent concentration/flux estimation, which is essential for guiding water quality protection practices and environmental decision making. This paper developed a multivariate adaptive regression splines model for estimating riverine constituent concentrations (MARS-EC). The process, interpretability and flexibility of the MARS-EC modelling approach, was demonstrated for total nitrogen in the Patuxent River, a major river input to Chesapeake Bay. Model accuracy and uncertainty of the MARS-EC approach was further analysed using nitrate plus nitrite datasets from eight tributary rivers to Chesapeake Bay. Results showed that the MARS-EC approach integrated the advantages of both parametric and nonparametric regression methods, and model accuracy was demonstrated to be superior to the traditionally used ESTIMATOR model. MARS-EC is flexible and allows consideration of auxiliary variables; the variables and interactions can be selected automatically. MARS-EC does not constrain concentration-predictor curves to be constant but rather is able to identify shifts in these curves from mathematical expressions and visual graphics. The MARS-EC approach provides an effective and complementary tool along with existing approaches for estimating riverine constituent concentrations.  相似文献   

Assessing basin storage: Comparison of hydrometric- and tracer-based indices of dynamic and total storage     

Ciara D. Cooke  James M. Buttle 《水文研究》2020,34(9):2012-2031

Storage is a fundamental but elusive component of drainage basin function, influencing synchronization between precipitation input and streamflow output and mediating basin sensitivity to climate and land use/land cover (LULC) change. We compare hydrometric and isotopic approaches to estimate indices of dynamic and total basin storage, respectively, and assess inter-basin differences in these indices across the Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) region of southern Ontario, Canada. Dynamic storage indices for the 20 study basins included the ratio of baseflow to total streamflow (baseflow index BFI), Q ₉₉ flow and flow duration curve (FDC) slope. Ratios of the standard deviation of the streamflow stable isotope signal relative to that of precipitation were determined for each basin from a 1 year bi-weekly sampling program and used as indicators of total storage. Smaller ratios imply longer water travel times, smaller young water fractions (F _yw, < ~2–3 months in age) in streamflow and greater basin storage. Ratios were inversely related to BFI and Q ₉₉, and positively related to FDC slope, suggesting longer travel times and smaller F _yw for basins with stable baseflow-dominated streamflow regimes. Inter-basin differences in all indices reflected topographic, hydrogeologic and LULC controls on storage, which was greatest in steep, forest-covered headwaters underlain by permeable deposits with thick and relatively uniform unsaturated zones. Nevertheless, differential sensitivity of indices to controls on storage indicates the value of using several indices to capture more completely how basin characteristics influence storage. Regression relationships between storage indices and basin characteristics provided reasonable predictions of aspects of the streamflow regime of test basins in the ORM region. Such relationships and the underlying knowledge of controls on basin storage in this landscape provide the foundation for initial predictions of relative differences in streamflow response to regional changes in climate and LULC.  相似文献   

基于高分遥感影像的建筑物侧面信息提取及其高度计算     

宋旭东  曹文峰  冯德俊  张星星 《北京测绘》2020,(3):296-300

本文选取成都市某一区域建筑物A、B为研究对象,采用分辨率为0.61 m的Quick bird影像,运用图像分割法和LVQ神经网络算法,提取建筑物侧面信息,根据假设法原理,构建高度计算物理模型,求取建筑物高度。对比实测数据,结合可能影响实验结果的实地因素、遥感影像因素进行精度分析与评价,探讨基于高分遥感影像的建筑物侧面信息提取和高度计算的方法。结果表明,LVQ神经网络算法在建筑物侧面提取和高度计算中有更好的应用价值,精度高达94%。  相似文献   

无人机航测技术在广东省和平县第三次全国国土调查中的应用     

张建辉 《北京测绘》2020,(4):511-513

第三次全国国土调查是查实查清我国国土资源利用现状的重要手段,对提高国土资源利用效率和建设信息化社会有着积极的推动作用。本文以广东省和平县第三次国土调查项目为基础,将无人机航测技术应用于本次三调中,快速的获取了调查区高分辨率的航拍影像数据,结合GNSS技术等进行外业核查和补绘,生产出了符合三调精度要求的DOM、DEM产品,对编制各类工作底图奠定了基础。实践证明,将无人机航测技术应用第三次全国国土调查中具有明显的优势,主要体现在精度高、效率快、成本低、利用率高等方面。  相似文献   

蔚县矿区地面沉陷InSAR多维形变监测     

杜建涛  闫丽  赵超英 《煤田地质与勘探》2020,48(1):168-173

河北蔚县是我国华北地区最大的地下采煤区之一，该地区长期存在采矿塌陷灾害，不仅威胁采矿安全，而且严重破坏当地生态环境。本文基于合成孔径雷达干涉（InSAR）这一新型空间对地观测技术，采用61景Sentinel-1A/B干涉宽幅（Interferometric Wide swath，IW）模式数据进行矿区形变观测，获取整个矿区在2017—2018年间的地表形变空间分布特征，并对矿区地表的沉降量级及面积进行详细的统计分析。此外，采用融合多轨道SAR数据的多维形变时序估计方法，对西细庄矿数据进行东西向和垂向的二维形变分解，获取该矿的二维形变时间序列。结果表明:除南留庄井田外，其余三大井田在监测期间均存在不同程度的地面沉陷灾害；整个矿区年沉陷速率超过-10 cm/a的区域达到了2.16 km2；受成像几何影响，不同轨道数据获取的形变结果存在一定差异；西细庄矿以垂向形变为主，伴随明显的东西向水平形变。研究结果为蔚县矿区地面沉陷监测与煤矿安全开采提供数据参考。   相似文献